Acute Stimulation with Long Chain Acyl-CoA Enhances Exocytosis in Insulin-secreting Cells (HIT T-15 and NMRI β-Cells)

Mechanisms of exocytosis in insulin-secreting B-cells and glucagon-secreting A-cells.

In pancreatic B- and A-cells, metabolic stimuli regulate biochemical and electrical processes that culminate in Ca2+-influx and release of insulin or glucagon, respectively. Like in other (neuro)endocrine cells, Ca2+-influx triggers the rapid exocytosis of hormone-containing secretory granules. Only a small fraction of granules (<1% in insulin-secreting B-cells) can be released immediately, whi...

Neurotransmitter-Induced Inhibition of Exocytosis in Insulin-Secreting β Cells by Activation of Calcineurin

Neurotransmitters and hormones such as somatostatin, galanin, and adrenalin reduce insulin secretion. Their inhibitory action involves direct interference with the exocytotic machinery. We have examined the molecular processes underlying this effect using high resolution measurements of cell capacitance. Suppression of exocytosis was maximal at concentrations that did not cause complete inhibit...

[Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency].

differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into insulin- secreting cells

introduction: type i diabetes mellitus is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. a new potential method for curing the disease is transplantation of differentiated insulin- secreting cells from human embryonic stem cells. methods: human embryonic stem cell lines (royan h1) were used to produce embryoid bodies. differentiation carried out by growth factor-mediated sel...

Troglitazone (CS-045) inhibits beta-cell proliferation rate following stimulation of insulin secretion in HIT-T 15 cells.

Thiazolidinedione analogs are new antidiabetic agents that attenuate peripheral insulin resistance in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients; however, the effects of these agents on insulin secretion are not known. We determined the short-term and long-term effects of troglitazone (CS-045) on insulin secretion in a Syrian hamster clonal beta-cell line, HIT-T 15 cells. The direct effect of trogl...